bonding
This page is mainly about bonding
Ionic
oppositely charged ionselectrostatic attraction between ions
crystals/lattice
unit cells/repeat unit/ratios/empirical formulae - NOT discrete molecules
metals (electron donors) and non-metals (electron acceptors)
metal cation
non-metal/compound anion
dot-cross diagram for NaCl inc electron structure
soluble in polar solvents such as water
Covalent
atomssharing electronics
electrostatic attraction between nuclei and shared electrons
non-metal compounds, compound ions
discrete groups of atoms / crystals (giant covalent) / polymers
intermolecular forces
pure covalency only in elements
always polarity
dot cross diagram for hydrogen, chorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, water, methane
hydrocarbons
empirical formulae for polymer - polyethene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene
giant structure - diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide
soluble in non-polar solvents
Metallic
delocalised electronselectrostatic attraction between nuclei and mobile electrons
metallic elements / alloys
giant structures
Last modified: October 31st, 2023