105. from valves to chips: the generations of computing (ks3)

Trace the incredible evolution of computer hardware across five distinct generations, from fragile vacuum tubes to modern artificial intelligence.

How did we go from computers the size of a house to smartwatches we wear on our wrists? It happened in distinct stages, or "generations". We will map out this incredible journey of miniaturisation, exploring the vital leaps in hardware - from fragile vacuum tubes to transistors, and finally to the microscopic silicon chips that power our lives today.

Last modified: March 26th, 2026

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105. from valves to chips: the generations of computing (ks3)